SortingKey conceptsSorting: arrange elements in ascending or descending order by keyStability: equal elements keep their relative orderTime complexity and space complexity ChaptersOrigins and Practical Significance of SortingInsertion SortBubble SortSelection SortShell SortQuick SortHeap SortMerge SortRadix SortExternal SortingPreviousSearchingCore searching concepts, common algorithms, analysis, and applications.